Essay about African Slave Trade - 1187 Words

The impact on the African slave trade during 16th centuries to 19th centuries was huge. The economy of those countries which allowed African slave trade grew bigger and bigger. For instance, America, a huge land that had nothing before the trade, started to gain some profit out of farming and increased hugely on population. They used a big amount of African slaves to farm and work. And this created the economy better in America. Also Europeans, which were only one million people brought up 5.5 million African slaves (men, women, children) to the Western Hemisphere. 80 % out of 5.5 million slaves were enslaved as a field worker (sugar). With all of those slaves working in the West Hemisphere, Europeans gained huge profits and were able to†¦show more content†¦It was very common for the slaves to have scars on the back or blood all over the body. Slaves’ lives did not matter to anyone. They were treated just like items that can easily sold or bought. Some of the owners treated their slaves well because they were expensive but the inexpensive ones were treated badly. Men and women planted, harvested, and removed weeds and other unwanted plants from the land. Young men had to work in their fields as well. For children, they had to pull out weeds, pick insects off of the crops, and took water (supplies) to other workers. There were several different plantation types. Most of the plantations were rice, sugar, and tobacco. Each had a difficult or dangerous way during the work for the slaves. For instance, in South Carolina rice plantation, the danger of the job provided the unhealthy swamps that were needed to make up the rice field and poisonous snakes that lived inside the swamp. Also even the mud and the swamp that made up the rice field exhausted the slaves immensely. The sugar cane plantations were also painfully worked out because of the danger from the tools used and the natural hazards. At the harvest times, many slaves were ill or died just because of the hard work that they did at the fields. Most of the houses of the African slaves were simple wooden huts with some basicShow MoreRelatedAfrican Slaves And The Slave Trade995 Words   |  4 PagesAtlantic slave trade was at its peak. Many believe that only Europeans benefited from having Africans as slaves, but they are wrong. Africans of different tribes would destroy settlements, capture the villagers, and sell them at the market as they were a baked good at a farmer’s market in today’s society. Europeans and Africans both played a major role in the slave trade and are both to blame for the capturing and selling of African slaves. African’s played a much bigger role in the Atlantic Slave tradeRead MoreAfrican Of The African Slave Trade Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pages Back in the day they did not have laws to protect those who were getting discriminated against, and it got out of hand. One of the largest scale attempts at genocides to ever occur was slavery. The African Slave Trade, spanning almost 350 years was a horrid genocide that killed millions of Africans, as well as wiping out villages. Slavery began in the fourteen hundreds when Portugal sent a voyage down the west coast of Africa. They did this because Africa had resources such as gold, fabrics, andRead MoreAfrican Slaves And Slave Trade1880 Words   |  8 PagesSlaves and slave trade has been a paramount part of history for a very long time. In the years of the British thirteen colonies in North America, slaves and slave trade was a very consequential part of its development. It even carried on to virtually 200 years of Coalesced States history. The slave trade of the thirteen colonies was a paramount part of the colonies as well as Europe and Africa. In order to supply the thirteen colonies efficiently through trade, Europe developed the method of triangularRead MoreAfrican Slave Trade1029 Words   |  5 Pagesconcurrently† despite of the rise of African slave trade. Source B goes on to state that most American colonies â€Å"became dependent on Africans† only after relying on white indentured servants and Native American labour first. Some American colonies, the source writes, even never used African labour. These are three facts the source lists to prove that Africanization of slavery in the Americas was not inevitable. B: Source D is portraying the effect of Atlantic slave trade on Africa, Europe and only NorthRead MoreEssay on West African Slave Trade1846 Words   |  8 PagesWest African Slave Trade The West African Slave Trade was a global event that focused on West Africa. It was the sale and ownership of another human being that was put into slavery. It was a â€Å"forced Migration† that lasted 300 years. It was an event that forced 15, 000, 000 people into slavery for a lifetime. From 1551 – 1850 about 15,000,000 people were brought into the slave trade it is said that roughly 5,000,000 did not survive, and may have immediately died before making through the shockRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slave Trade1039 Words   |  5 Pagesof their identities and classifying them as property, forcing them to obey their masters. The slaves had no rights and humanity had fled their thinking. Some even claimed slaves to be aliens even though they were not. Slave’s masters could do what ever they pleased with the slaves including, making them do their dirty work, striking them whenever they pleased and abusing their slave sexually. The slave had no defense and resp onding to any violent act committed against them would amplify aggressionRead MoreThe Slavery Of The African Slave Trade1280 Words   |  6 PagesBritish slave trading begun in the late sixteenth century and grew remarkably during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As a woman in society, she faced challenges herself; however, she addressed the humanity of slaves as human beings and not by the color of their skin. She believed that â€Å"non whites† were equal to â€Å"whites† and deserved the same human rights. She wrote her famous piece, â€Å"Slavery, a Poem† during the abolitionist movement to persuade others to partake in the anti-slavery campaignRead MoreSlavery And The African Slave Trade1449 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I think of the African slave trade, I realize that over 10 million people were removed from that continent in less than 500 years. Some scholars believe it may be as large a number as 20 million. I would like to pose a few questions and attempt to answer them in this collection of writings and opinions. The evidence and historical documents will show some of the economic and social impacts the Slave Trade had on the African continent. Slavery has been around for the vast majority of human historyRead MoreAfrican Slavery And The Slave Trade Essay1795 Words   |  8 Pagesabolished and the Africans as well as the Indians went through a lot of suffering upon the hands of their masters. The slaves were meant to perform duties such as cultivation of the plantations, domestic chores and even mining activities and were on the constant watch of the masters. In many cases, the slaves were bought and sold as commodities and one such trade included the Trans-Atlantic slave trade through which the Portuguese were able to send slaves to Brazil. Slave trade was abundant in SouthernRead MoreCandido Term Paper: African Slave Trade1254 Words   |  6 PagesWednesday, April 2nd, 2014 Neil Marshall 999681704 Book Review: An African Slaving Port on the Atlantic, by Mariana Candido The impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on the people living in Angola during the seventeenth century onwards was monumental. The Portuguese presence in the Benguelan harbour caused disorder, social strain, and sociocultural transformation for the people specifically residing in Benguela. In the study An African Slaving Port on the Atlantic, Mariana Candido outlines the progression

Essay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson - 30092 Words

Silent Spring Rachel Carson Online Information For the online version of BookRags Silent Spring Premium Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-silentspring/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2007 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Premium Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources.  ©1998-2002;†¦show more content†¦Chapter 6 Earths Green Mantle..........................................................................22 Chapter 7 Needless Havoc.....................................................................................25 Chapter 8 And No Birds Sing................................................................................27 Chapter 9 Rivers of Death.....................................................................................29 Chapter 10 Indiscriminatel y from the Skies........................................................31 Chapter 11 Beyond the Dreams of the Borgias ....................................................33 Chapter 12 The Human Price ................................................................................35 Chapter 13 Through a Narrow Window..............................................................37 Chapter 14 One in Every Four..............................................................................40 Chapter 15 Nature Fights Back .............................................................................44 Chapter 16 The Rumblings of an Avalanche.......................................................47 Chapter 17 The Other Road..................................................................................49 Key Figures..................................................................................................................52 The ChemicalShow MoreRelatedSilent Spring By Rachel Carson1 441 Words   |  6 PagesWith the 1960s came a need for change, as an immense amount of smog and toxic chemicals used in agriculture and industry caused, the blue to fade away from the sky and water in America. Rachel Carson provided the catalyst for this change with her book Silent Spring published in 1962, which revealed the harmful impacts of pesticides on almost all wildlife and human beings. People reading a book wouldn’t be enough, though, for twenty million Americans came together on April 22, 1970, to celebrate theRead MoreSilent Spring, By Rachel Carson1711 Words   |  7 Pagesworld, causing a change and reshaping a perception. Rachel Carson, best known as the author of Silent Spring, is said to be one of the most influential women in environmental history, according to her fellow authors and conservationists. Carson has been recognized worldwide in history and science books for her campaign against DDT, her work as a conservationist, and her efforts to change soc iety’s view of the planet. In Silent Spring Ms. Carson brought the adverse effects of a toxic commonly, usedRead MoreSilent Spring By Rachel Carson1354 Words   |  6 PagesSilent Spring by Rachel Carson Silent Spring by Rachel Carson is a revolutionary part of the environmentalist’s history. Caron’s last novel written, published in 1962, is a plea to the American people to look at what insecticides are doing to our nation, and with that, our earth. Her first chapter sets the scene, and brings readers to a fictitious city that all Americans can try to relate to by writing, â€Å"There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony withRead MoreSilent Spring By Rachel Carson1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe dominant theme of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson is the powerful and detrimental impact humans have on the natural world. Carson s main argument is that pesticides have harmful effects on the environment and lead to a loss of biodiversity and quality of life. Carson uses the pesticide DDT throughout the book as she examines the effects of pesticides throughout the United States. Though the majority of the book is focused on the effects of pesticides on our ecosystem processes, she also touchesRead MoreSilent Spring, By Rachel Carson1823 Words   |  8 Pagesin the environment. Rachel Carson, a marine biologist, was greatly concerned about such dangers, and wrote Silent Spring to raise public awareness. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson brought awareness of such dangers, reporting that even small doses of pesticides applied regularly can build up to enormous quantities over time. Once accumulated, pesticides present in the environment pose a threat to people and animals alike. For example, many pesticides are carcinogens that Carson attributes to the spikeRead MoreSilent Spring By Rachel Carson1083 Words   |  5 Pagesbelief in which one advocates for environmental preservation. In Rachel Carson’s narrative Silent Spring, she gives her activist insight on the use of toxic chemicals for the benefit of humanity by exposing the detrimental effects these toxins bring. In comparison to Carson, I perceive myself to have developed my perception of nature through books however, my culture did not allow me to have a one on one interaction with nature. Carson fails to comprehend how traditional values potentially promoteRead MoreSilent Spring By Rachel Carson855 Words   |  4 PagesObligation to Endure is taken from the book Silent Spring by the author Rachel Carson. This piece was written in 1962. It is a very richly worded excerpt, written with the intention of grabbing hold of the reader and opening their eyes to what she sees as a problem within the rise of humanity. The main focus of the topic is that the overuse of insecticides and chemicals which are not only a problem but also a detriment to man as well as nature. Carson makes a very effective argument, bringing awarenessRead MoreSilent Spring By Rachel Carson Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesStates. The idea was first introduced in the United States by Rachel Carson’s book, titled Silent Spring. Rachel Carson developed a cle ar thesis inside Silent Spring where every claim made in the book is supported with enormous substantial factual evidence. The overall theme of the book is calling for awareness and addressing issues with excessive usage of man-made and natural chemicals implemented into daily human life. Although Rachel Carson focuses predominately on concerns surrounding the topic ofRead MoreSilent Spring, By Rachel Carson1487 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"On earth, the history of life is always the history of the interaction between biology and environment. To a large extent, the natural forms and habits of the plants and animals on the earth are shaped. â€Å"Said Rachel Carson, in her book silent spring, â€Å"In the environment of all invasion, air, soil, rivers and oceans are the most shocking pollution, and some of them even fatal pollution. Such pollution is largely irreversible. â€Å"The planet, which provides us food, water and shelters is being destroyedRead MoreSilent Spring By Rache l Carson952 Words   |  4 Pagesloss for many marine flora and fauna as well as the potential ecosystem services that could have been provided. In the last 50 years, there have been changes in human attitudes towards the environment and a marker for this is the book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson. This marked the beginning of the birthplace of environmental law that shapes the marine law of today. Carlson’s book changed the way people thought about the environment and their impacts on the environment. This is further highlighted

Organizational Culture of Starbucks Free Essays

Appendages Research Paper Project title: Management 1 2 Program: BAA Faculty responsible: Walter Improvise Due date: Wee k 8 Weighting: 30% of the final grade for the subject. 70% on written material and 30% on presentation. All presentations will occur on the last adz of class. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Culture of Starbucks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Content: A word document including between 3,000 and 4,000 words non including a literature review of at least 4 sources with at least half not from internet. All materials must come from academic sources. Project Overview: To enable students demonstrate their understanding of Managing Culture and how do they adapt it within an international atmosphere. Overall Aim: 1 . To enable students demonstrate their understanding of MGM and to learn from contemporary issues that will help them become more effective managers. 2. To enable students demonstrate their understanding of methodology in writing and to learn from the specific issues of writing a paper. Learning Outcomes: Demonstrate a basic understanding of using research methods within organizations. Understand how research approach are going to be effective on business issues. Begin forming research methodology skills specially those that can be applied in the business environment. A Company with a strong organizational culture and how it’s Implemented and maintained Topic: Analyze the competitive issue and it’s effects on the international business environment, . Purpose: Organizational culture is a term used more and today’s business world. The focus of your paper and presentation should be: What specific actions ; practices could be used in business to acquire high levels of performance? How do these actions ; practices reflect or not reflect the customers behaviors, concepts ; models studied in this class. Tasks: The following major areas M in the written and the oral reservation: Description of the background, traits ; skills of the issue. Description of influences on an international context What can we learn from this issue; guidelines for effective strategies derived from the analysis? Your presentations should be clear ; reflect application of the material covered in this course. To enhance your presentation, visual aids, specific examples ; class involvement techniques are encouraged. Attendance is required of all students during all presentations. Each presentation will have a total of 7 minutes for each project and an additional 3 minutes will be allotted for questions and discussion. The written material used for your presentation should be handed to the lecturer one week before your scheduled presentation for screening. This presentation will count for 10% of your final subject average. Remission of documents During the last day, depending of your class, the following material shall be handed in: List of references including at least 1 Journals and 2 internet sources which will be used for the project. A literature review of the information sources used for this project. All tardiness will be counted in the same manner as explained at the end of the section for the main project. The following material should be handed to the lecturer on the date of presentation. These should include: 1 electronic file with all your resources used for the creation of your project ( articles, book references, interviews, field search, etc. ) Your power point presentation The word document. I Purpose or controlling idea is established initially, but inconsistently attended to. Paper shows some unity of purpose, though some material may not be well aligned. I Establishes strong sense of purpose, either explicitly or implicitly. Controlling purpose governs development and organization of the text. Attends to purpose as paper unfolds. | 2. Engagement with the text I Does not connect well to the source textures not show evidence of having understood the reading(s) that should inform the paper. Repeats or summarizes source text without analyzing or critiquing. I Shows evidence that materials were read and that those texts have shaped the student’s writing. Shows basic understanding and ability to engage the substance of the text(s). Goes beyond repetition or summary of source text(s). I Shows clearly that the student read and understood the source text(s) that inform the paper. Summarizes key points or issues in the source text and then critically analyzes or synthesizes those ideas with the student’s own ideas. Extends the ideas of the source text in interesting ways. | 3. Use of source material I It is often not clear whether information comes from the text vs.. The student. Len-text citations and end-of-text references are not formatted according to an appropriate style sheet. I Source materials are cited, though not always consistently. Let is generally clear when information comes from source text(s). Most in-text citations have appropriately formatted end-of-text references. I Source materials are introduced, conceptualized, and made relevant to the purpose of the paper. T is always clear when information, opinions, or facts come from a source as opposed to coming from the student. Source materials are conventionally documented according to academic style (PAP, Category I Low Scores 1 or 2 | Average Score 31 High Scores 4 or 5 | 4. Organization I end. Paragraphs unpredictably structured. I Some evidence of organization, with appropriate moves in the introduction and conclusion and some partitioning in the body. Most paragraphs have topic sentences with supporting details. I Establishes clear pattern of development, so the paper feels organized and orderly from beginning to end. Uses effective generalization/ support patterning. Strong paragraphing. | 5. Support I Moves from idea to idea without substantial development; lacks depth. Lacks support for arguments or claims. I Achieves some depth and specificity of discussion. Provides specific detail in some places. I Develops specific ideas in depth with strong and appropriate supporting examples, data, experiences. | 6. Style I Lacks control over sentence structure; difficult to follow. Little control over sentence patterns of subordination and coordination. Requires the reader to backtrack to make sense. Uses wrong words and awkward phrasing. I Style is competent, though not engaging or inventive. Shows reasonable command over phrasing and word choice. Some useful connections from sentence to sentence. I Student clearly controls the pace, rhythm, and variety of sentences. Sentence style is smooth and efficient, with good use of subordination and coordination. Words are well chosen and phrasing is apt and precise. Sentences move smoothly from one to the next, with clear moves that open, develop, and close topics. | 7. Command of sentence-level conventions Many errors of punctuation, spelling, capitalization (mechanics). Many grammatical errors (agreement, tense, case, number, pronoun use). I Some typical errors are in evidence, but overall, the writing is correct. I Few, if any, errors of punctuation, spelling, capitalization (mechanics). Few if any grammatical errors (agreement, tense, case, number, pronoun use). I How to cite Organizational Culture of Starbucks, Papers

Outline and explain the religious and secular argu Essay Example For Students

Outline and explain the religious and secular argu Essay Mrments surrounding both prevention and termination of pregnancyContraception is the deliberate prevention of pregnancy using several methods available today. Family planning is the method that refers to the making decisions about when and how many children to have, and choosing way to achieve this. Catholics believe that sex should be procreative, unitive, communicative and respectful. They believe that a human’s sexuality is a gift from God and that it should be respected, they believe that unnatural forms of contraception encourage ‘casual sex’ with many partners. ‘Casual sex’ is neither unitive nor communicative. Instead of the use of unnatural forms of contraception such as the condom or the use of Spermicidal or hormonal contraceptives, they suggest the practice of Natural Family Planning. This system is one whereby the couple restrains from sexual intercourse during the most fertile period of a woman’s menstrual cycle. This period ranges from five days before ovulation to two days after ovulation. One way of determining fertility is the basal body temperature method, where a woman takes her temperature at the same time each morning before getting out of bed. In a lot of women, body temperature rises about one degree on the day of ov ulation and stays raised for several days. This kind of contraceptive method can only is used in a stable and ongoing relationship, a relationship wherein sexuality is respected and the relationship is unitive. People often decide against this option because it is only 81 percent effective. Catholic couples that use Natural Family Planning will have to except and care for the child that my result from that 19 percent, this is not a problem recognized in the Catholic faith, as sex to them must be procreative. Many people use contraception so that a relationship can be avoided but this is not procreative or unitive so again this argument for contraception is dismissed by the Catholic Church. Non-religious and religious groups both support contraception for a number of good reasons one of the arguments they use in favor of contraception is that in the USA, about 56 percent of women between 16 to 45 years old practice birth control. When birth control is not used about 85/86 percent of sexually active parents experience a pregnancy. Contraception clearly prevents unwanted pregnancies, which if the woman has any medical ailments could result in death of the mother or of the child or both. It is often mentioned by people other than the catholic’ s that it is up to the specific individuals involved and that they should follow their conscience, this is not rejected by the catholic faith but they argue that if an individual is left to follow their conscience they must have an informed conscience. Abortion is the termination or ending of pregnancy before the birth of a child, resulting in, or accompanied by, the death of the fetus (unborn child). Some abortions occur naturally because a fetus does not develop normally. Abortions are induced, because a pregnancy is unwanted or presents a risk to a woman’s health. It was legalized (abortion act) in 1968 because before then there were hundreds deaths caused by back street abortions every year. It was thought that it would be better to legalize abortions and make it a safe procedure than to allow any more women die. Some secular societies argue for abortion saying that it is a way of avoiding genetic defects such as Downs Syndrome. But the Church argues against this saying that you should not be able to dictate another human beings life or death no matter what situation or defect, to kill the child just because it is not ‘perfect’ in the eyes of a â€Å"normal† person is a ‘throwing away’ of Gods gift of life to that person. It says in Genesis 1:26 ‘Then God said â€Å"let us make man in our image.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ God did not need us so we are therefore a gift; to kill an ‘imperfect child’ is a rejection of that gift. God loves that person for what they are and does not see the imperfections that other people might have. In the eyes of God all men/women are equal- in Galatians 3:28 it says: ‘There is neither Jew nor Greek there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female for you are all one in Christ. Another argument for abortion is that the aborted fetus is not a person – secular argument. The church apposes t his argument and says that we cannot be sure of the time of ensoulment, when a fetus becomes a person (human being), it is better to take this point from the earliest time possible, this is the moment of conception. If from this point it is a person (living being) then it is a sin to destroy the life of that person which is a gift from God because in the Ten Commandments it says ‘thou shalt no kill.’ We know that people are a gift from God because in 1 Sam 1:20 it says: ‘in due time Hannah conceived and bore a son. She named him Samuel, for she said, â€Å"I have asked him of the Lord†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ this is a fundamentalist view.At the moment of conception, when the male sperm and female ovum fuse together both half cells – 23 chromosomes (genes) in each fuse to create a unique individual (human), related but not completely like it parents, a new individual is created and has therefore all the rights of a born human being, for this reason among others the Catholic Church completely disapproves of abortion, except in the cases of cancer of the womb or an ectopic pregnancy. In the case if cancer, after both chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been tried and there is no choice abortion is feasible. In the case of an ectopic pregnancy – were the fetus begins to develop in the fallopian tube, surgery to remove the fallopian tube may begin. In this case you are acting to limit evil, the evil of the death of the baby is out weighed by the life of the mother and thus the principle of Double Effect comes into play, the death of the child in both of the above cases is inevitable therefore it would be favorable to allow the mother to live. .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 , .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 .postImageUrl , .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 , .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030:hover , .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030:visited , .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030:active { border:0!important; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030:active , .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030 .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b435b8f7cea7056b51efd9e83409030:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fall Of Rome EssayBibliography:My Own Work and Research